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66 images Created 30 Mar 2017

KENYA (IIED) – Adapting to Climate Change in the Nyando River Basin

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  • Aerial view of flood-prone parts of Kisumu County in Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Aerial view of flood-prone parts of Kisumu County in Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Aerial view of the town of Kisumu on the edge of Lake Victoria, Kenya.
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  • Two young residents of Wakesi, surrounded by (and tucking into) the crops that sustain them. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Elders, members of the Wakesi Community Project Committee. From the left: Helidah Awino (Treasurer), Joseph Ogoma (Vice Chairman), Joseph Ayungi (Secretary), Rashid Achiando (Member) and Pius Owita (Member). Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Wakesi villager Joseph Ogoma with a grafted mango tree. Uhai Lake Forum provided five mango seedlings to villagers selected by the Wakesi Community Project Committee. This one is four months old, and it can be expected to start bearing fruits after five years. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Wakesi villager Joseph Ogoma shows the damage done to the mud walls of his home by heavy rainfall. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • As storm clouds gather, Wakesi villager Joseph Ayungi stands by a thatched home that's typical for this area. It's mud walls have clearly been badly damaged by recent heavy rains, which often claim the lives of small animals the villagers depend on, such as chickens. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • A culvert financed by JICA to help keep a key road to the village of Wakesi open. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Wakesi's climate change adaptation strategy includes planting arrowroot, which can grow in wet places. It is an important source of carbohydrates for the people here, and it stops erosion into the streams. It also survives better than most vegetables during times of drought. Sweet potato can also be seen growing in this shot, for which the same principles apply. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Gobiero Moris - from the Gogini Rajope Construction Company, contracted to build a well in Wakesi using money given by JICA - puts the finishing touches to the block that will hold its inaugural plaque. This well will provide the villagers with clean drinking water, especially necessary during floods when overflowing stream water gets contaminated. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Nora Atieno pumps water for her household. This borehole draws water from 130 feet underground. While the water table is generally only 20 feet below the surface, this depth means Wakesi is now prepared for serious droughts. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Black nightshade is an indigenous crop grown by the villagers of Wakesi. Here, we can compare healthy leaves (left) with those from a plant that damaged by extreme weather. Climate change has hit this crop hard; around 75% was lost in recent floods. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • A Wakesi woman carries firewood home. Uhai Lake Forum is keen to reduce the villagers' reliance on woody materials as a source of energy. Cooking is their main cause for consumption, and they mostly use woody biomass for this. Few have electricity, and the use of cooking gas (LPG, which is imported) is very rare, even in Kisumu. Firewood is drawn from local sources, though not necessarily from the consuming community's land, and it can be especially hard to come by during times of flooding. The shortage is now biting as more and more people have been starting to use wood for fuel, even in the urban centres, owing to fossil fuel price inflation, and this consumption is not at all sustainable as an insufficient number of trees are being planted. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Storm clouds gather above Keyo Primary School, intended to be Wakesi's evacuation centre for when waters reach a metre or more in depth. Evacuation plans assume that 800 of the village's roughly 2,000 inhabitants will take refuge here at such times. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Dramatic clouds gather over the mango trees of Wakesi. In the foreground is a small fish pond, part of an initiative encouraged by the government. Unfortunately, this farmer risks losing the fish he's nurturing if flooding is bad. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • With flooding increasingly common and often severe, the villagers of Wakesi have much to pray for. Here, a church is under construction. When extremes of weather occur, the villagers normally hold a special prayer and offer a sacrifice under a highly regarded tree. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Rain clouds gather, threatening Wakesi's fields of young crops. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Villagers consider how to help a driver get his car out of the mud. Years of repeated floodng have rendered the roads into the Wakesi almost impassable. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • With flooding increasingly common and often severe, the villagers of Wakesi have much to pray for. When extremes of weather occur, the villagers normally hold a special prayer and offer a sacrifice under a highly regarded tree. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Thick black rain clouds gather over two boys as they herd their family cows in Wakesi. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • The intensity of the gathering storm shows exactly why road conditions on the approach to Wakesi have become so bad. Here, a government bulldozer works on repairs, the first time since especially severe flooding in 2009. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • The storm begins. Near Wakesi, Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • As the rain pours down, visibility drops and sheep find whatever cver they can. Near Wakesi, Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Heavy flooding in the village of Oyola, near Kisumu. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Considering the road ahead, now impassable for vehicles other than four wheel drives. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Oyola, inundated by floodwater. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Flooded, but life goes on. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Culvert, constructed to keep Oyola connected with the outside world during heavy flooding. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Close to the culvert, this is where the villagers of Oyola had been trying to harvest sand. Severe collapse occurred after heavy rainfall, forming a gully. Further heavy rainfall then washed sand into the culvert, blocking it. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • A cowherd guides his animals through the floodwater of Oyola village in Kenya's Nyanza Province. To the left of the shot is one of the toilet units of the village school. One more day of rain will bring the water to here, posing the risk of the spread of disease. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • A cowherd guides his animals through the floodwater of Oyola village in Kenya's Nyanza Province. To the left of the shot is one of the toilet units of the village school. One more day of rain will bring the water to here, posing the risk of the spread of disease.
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  • Dokas Omolo (left), Secretary of the Oyola Disaster Committee and Joshua Ondiek (right), another of the committee's members, stand on recently flooded land by the village school. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • A primary school pupil in his classroom in the village of Oyola. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Marlene Anyango Ogwa and her youngest son, Mark Arnold. Marlene is a schoolteacher at Oyola's school with a class of 39 12- to 13-year-olds. Her classroom is partially underwater following heavy rains that fell during the past two days. Water enters every time it rains, she says. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Water stagnates where, till just two days before, two of the Oyola school's classrooms used to stand. The collapse, owing to flooding, has directly affected 120 children. Some have been absorbed into other classes, while others have been sent home. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Packed classroom at Oyola's school. It has had to absorb some of the pupils from the two classrooms that collapsed owing to flooding two days ago. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Braving the perilous route home from Oyola's school. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Stranded. A chicken in the flooded village of Oyola in Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Vivian and Colins Angeso at home in flood-prone Oyola, surrounded by rising waters. Frequently, the water even comes inside their home. When that happens, they relocate with their mother to the village school and wait for it to subside. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Vivian and Colins Angeso at home in flood-prone Oyola, surrounded by rising waters. Frequently, the water even comes inside their home. When that happens, they relocate with their mother to the village school and wait for it to subside. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Cheerfully navigating the perilous route home from Oyola's school. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Three of Oyola's climate change witnesses. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Oyola village schoolchildren in Kenya's Nyanza Province, the bottom halves of their legs still wet from wading through floodwaters to reach home for lunch. This area is prone to both flooding and drought, and climate change is making these events more frequent and less predictable.
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  • Oyola Disaster Committee Assistant Chairperson Rose outside her home, which suffers from flooding only after rain has been falling consistently for one month. This ground is slightly higher, and some time back it used to be where the village had an evacuation centre. Currently, there is no official evacuation centre, though people use the school for this purpose. However, as I saw, even the school gets flooded at times, and when this happens, people go to the neighbouring village of Kwasa - which is marginally more elevated - and stay with relatives there. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Subsistence farming in Oyola. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • As part of its community-based climate change adaptation strategy, Uhai Lake Forum has trained some of Oyola's villagers to graft mangos. Each of the roughly 30 homes that benefited was given five seedlings. Mango trees both provide fruits and prevent soil erosion. The village committee laid down the condition that those who wanted to benefit from this scheme should dig places for the trees to grow, manure the area and then wait to be assessed. Those who were given the trees were the first ones to do this properly. The point of this was that they were eager for people to take the time to appreciate the benefits of what they might get. Pictured are the wife of the Oyola Disaster Committee Chairperson and her son, standing under a fully grown mango tree beside their home. The seedlings they've planted close by should start bearing fruits after about five years.
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  • Grafted mango tree in Oyola, and the lady who tends to it. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Sand mining is making a bad problem worse in Oyola. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Oyola Disaster Committee member Joshua Ondiek stands on a recently constructed culvert that is helping mitigate the effects of flooding in his village. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Curious sheep, tethered in Oyola. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Irrigation channel in Oyola, with banks breached during recent flooding. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Herding goats in Oyola. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Grazing goat in Oyola. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Storm clouds gather over the village of Oyola. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Uhai Lake Forum's mill is located in a rice growing area. Generally, the husks are just discarded as a waste product, yet they can be very useful. The mill workers collect the husks from the rice grinding mills and bag them up, ready to become a constituent part of the bricks they bake. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • The rice husks are burned, producing the ash that can be seen in the wheelbarrow on the left. This is then ground using the machine on the right. Two parts of this are then combined with cement (three parts) and sand (one part). This mixture gets moulded into brick shape and is finally baked inside a kiln. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • This brick mixture is also used to make part of the energy saving 'Uhai stove'. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Inside the Uhai mill from another angle. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Demo latrine, made from these bricks baked at Uhai Mills. Pictured are Eunice Omondi (left) and Helida Ouka (right), whoses roles are Chairwoman and Coordinator respectively. There are about 40 women in their group, 20 of whom are active. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Mill committee members Eunice Omondi (left) and Helida Ouka (right) and Uhai Mills. Nyanza Province, Kenya. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Helida Ouka (left) and Eunice Omondi (right) show off the 'Uhai stove' (held by Helida) in comparison with the type of charcoal burning stove used traditionally in much of Kenya (held by Eunice). Because the Uhai stove is made in part using clay, which retains heat, it requires a lot less fuel for cooking and is thus much more energy efficient. This therefore limits the destruction of forests, from which charcoal is derived. One sack of charcoal would last a family of five for about two weeks using the old type of stove, whereas using the Uhai stove one sack is good for a month and a half. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • The River Mahenya, which swells and bursts its banks at times of heavy rainfall, flooding Oyola village and its surrounding area. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Even when the River Mahenya breaches its banks, life goes on. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • This culvert, constructed to allow villagers to coiss the River Mahenya, proves insufficient at times of extreme rainfall. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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  • Storm clouds gather as the sun sets over Lake Victoria. Nyanza Province, Kenya.
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